When the days begin to shorten, do you ever wish there was a way to
squeeze just a bit more out of the summer? After all, the tomatoes &
peppers were just starting to produce and the summer salads never tasted so good.
A combination of biology and simple technology can keep your kitchen stocked
with fresh food throughout the winter. The key is to plan in advance and
provide a bit of extra protection for your plants. In addition, broadening
your vegetable palate will also help to increase variety in your winter diet.
Very few gardeners realize what a difference a little bit
of protection can make. Most winter garden plants either slow down or fail to
produce due to a combination of cold temperatures and harsh winds. A single
layer of plastic over your plants will create such a microclimate that your
garden will produce as if it's 11/2 USDA Zones to the south!
Gardens in Zones 3-6 can really benefit with the use of
protection. Eliot Coleman, noted organic grower and author of The Four Season
Harvest, uses this technique of "passive" protection in his Maine market
garden. Instead of freezing in Zone 5, his winter veggies grow in a temperate
Zone 7. Although Coleman uses large hoop houses on his farm, the technique
can be adapted for the home gardener.
The trick to making this temperature jump, Coleman relates, is to use 2 layers
of protection. Ideally, the first layer should be large enough that you can walk
through it. However, as long as the plants underneath can be reached, a smaller
cover will do.
Next, the second layer of protection should be much lower to the ground. In
order to trap heat radiating from the soil, the second layer of protection
should be between 12-16 inches above the ground. This second layer can take the
shape of a cold frame, cloche, or even just another sheet of plastic,
suspended above the plants using wires for support.
Another trick
that Coleman relates is to place water-filled containers around plants to
collect heat from the day and release it at night. This is an especially
effective technique for gardens in areas that have sunny winter days.
Finally, a light layer of mulch such as straw, hay, or even autumn leaves act
as a layer of insulation, best suited for root crops like carrots, turnips,
parsnips, and beets.
If the idea of extending your growing season has sparked some interest in
winter gardening, don't forget that there are a number of crops well
suited to winter gardening. Apart from the well-known winter crops such as
spinach, leeks, scallions cabbage, kale and parsley; winter gardeners
should also try arugula, escarole, claytonia, kohlrabi, mizuna, radicchio,
sorrel, watercress and corn salad (mache).
Certain herbs will also grow well in cooler temperatures including cilantro,
winter thyme, winter savory & sage. Few flowers will produce under these
conditions with the exception of violets & johnny jump-ups.
A FEW TIPS:
While each layer of protection will increase temperature, each layer
will also cut out about 10% of light. Two layers will not pose a problem but
a third layer could cause crop failure due to inadequate light levels.
While soil temperatures are still warm, fertilize leafy greens like
spinach, corn salad & sorrel so that they have enough nutrients to take
them through the fall.
Harvest greens above their crowns so that
growing tip isn't damaged and you get another crop.
Arzeena Hamir is an agronomist and garden writer based in Vancouver, BC. She has a Master's Degree in
Agriculture and specializes in organic vegetable gardening. She frequently writes articles for websites: Suite101,
GardenGuides and ICanGarden. When not tending her own veggie
patch, she runs Terra Viva Organics.
go to Terra Viva Organics now !
